Wie trouwde met Ingibiorg Finnsdottir?

Thorfinn the Mighty huwde Ingibiorg Finnsdottir .
Malcolm III van Schotland huwde Ingibiorg Finnsdottir .
Het huwelijk eindigde 1069.

Ingibiorg Finnsdottir

Ingibiorg Finnsdottir (normalised Old Norse: Ingibjǫrg Finnsdóttir, Norwegian: Ingebjørg Finnsdotter) was a daughter of Earl Finn Arnesson and Bergljot Halvdansdottir. She was also a niece of Kings Olaf II and Harald Hardrada of Norway. She is also known as Ingibiorg, the Earls'-Mother. The dates of her life are unknown.

She married Earl Thorfinn Sigurdsson of Orkney. The Orkneyinga Saga claims that Kalf Arnesson, Ingibiorg's uncle, was exiled in Orkney after her marriage to Thorfinn. This was during the reign of Magnus the Good, son of Olaf II, who ruled from 1035 to 1047, and probably before the death of Harthacanute in 1042. Thorfinn and Ingibiorg had two known sons, Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson, who jointly ruled as earls of Orkney. Both also fought in Harald Hardraade's ill-fated invasion of the Kingdom of England in 1066.

Ingibiorg remarried after Thorfinn's death (date unknown). Her second husband was King Malcolm III of Scotland. Whatever the date of the marriage, Malcolm and Ingibiorg had at least one son, and probably two. The Orkneyinga Saga tells us that Duncan II (Donnchad mac Mail Coluim) was their son, and it is presumed that the "Domnall son of Máel Coluim, King of Scotland" whose death in 1085 is reported by the Annals of Ulster was also their son.

Ingibiorg is presumed to have died in around 1069 as Malcolm married Margaret, sister of Edgar Ætheling, in about 1070. It may be, however, that she died before Malcolm became king, as an Ingeborg comitissa appears in the Liber Vitae Ecclesiae Dunelmensis, a list of those monks and notables from whom prayers were said at Durham, alongside persons known to have died around 1058. If Ingibiorg was never queen, it would help to explain the apparent ignorance of her existence displayed by some Scots chroniclers.

Lees meer...

Thorfinn the Mighty

Thorfinn Sigurdsson (1009? – c. 1058?), also known as Thorfinn the Mighty (Old Norse: Þorfinnr inn riki), was an 11th-century Jarl of Orkney. He was the youngest of five sons of Jarl Sigurd Hlodvirsson and the only one resulting from Sigurd's marriage to a daughter of Malcolm II of Scotland. He ruled alone as jarl for about a third of the time that he held the title and jointly with one or more of his brothers or with his nephew Rögnvald Brusason for the remainder. Thorfinn married Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, daughter of Finn Arnesson, Jarl of Halland.

Though Thorfinn's year of death is unknown, it is recorded that he died before King Harald's invasion of England in 1066. However, two pieces of circumstantial evidence may well point to a death date of around 1058: firstly, that in that year, King Harald's elder son Magnus Haraldsson (the future King Magnus II) led an expedition to Orkney and the Isles, which is speculated to have been an effort to restore order there following Thorfinn's death - at which point, his sons Paul and Erlend, would have been minors. Secondly, as King Malcolm III later married Thorfinn's widow Ingibiorg Finnsdottir and had at least two sons by her - King Duncan II and Donald (both born c1060) - then this marriage must have taken place before or around 1060, otherwise the chronology simply doesn't add up. Therefore, given the limited historical information available, a proposed death date of c1058 for Thorfinn would make the most sense.

The Heimskringla of Icelandic historian Snorri Sturluson, and the anonymous compiler of the Orkneyinga Saga wrote that Thorfinn was the most powerful of all the jarls of Orkney and that he ruled substantial territories beyond the Northern Isles. A sizeable part of the latter saga's account concerns his wars with a "King of Scots" named Karl Hundason whose identity is uncertain. In his later years he went on a pilgrimage to Rome and he was instrumental in making Orkney and Shetland part of mainstream Christendom. On his death in the latter half of the 11th century he was followed as earl by his sons Paul and Erlend.

There are numerous problems associated with the chronology of Thorfinn's life and in identifying his relationships to the southern polities of the Kingdom of Alba (the precursor to modern Scotland) and the Kingdom of Moray. His diplomacy with the Norwegian court has also been interpreted in various ways. His life has been the subject of various works of historical fiction.

Lees meer...

Ingibiorg Finnsdottir

Malcolm III van Schotland

Malcolm III, Schots-Gaelisch: Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh (?, ca. 1031 – Alnwick, 13 november 1093), bijgenaamd Canmore (groot hoofd, grote baas), was koning van Schotland van 1058 tot en met 1093.

Nadat zijn vader koning Duncan I in 1044 verslagen was, ging Malcolm III naar zijn oom Siward van Northumbria. In 1057 doodde hij koning Macbeth bij Lumphanan (Aberdeenshire) en diens stiefzoon koning Lulach the Fool (de gek) bij Huntly een aantal maanden later op 23 april 1058. Dit leverde hem een reputatie op van een sterke krijger-koning.

Hij had drie kinderen uit zijn eerste huwelijk met Ingebjorg Finnsdotter, nicht van Olaf II van Noorwegen, waarvan de oudste zoon Duncan de troonopvolger was. Ingebjorg was eerder gehuwd met Thorfinn Sigurdsson, earl van Orkney.

Door de invasie van de Normandiërs in 1066 vluchtten veel Engelsen naar Lothian, waaronder Edgar Ætheling, de Angelsaksische opvolger van de Engelse troon. Malcolm III trouwde diens zus Margaretha in 1069. Onder invloed van zijn vrouw en de andere Angelsaksische vluchtelingen, voerde Malcolm III vele wijzigingen door in Schotland die de Keltische tradities ondermijnden. Zo romaniseerde hij de Keltische kerk, maakte Gaelisch tot de taal van het hof en verving het clansysteem door een vorm van feodalisme. Malcolm stichtte eveneens een abdij op de locatie waar in 1128 David I Dunfermline Abbey stichtte.

In 1072 viel Willem de Veroveraar Schotland binnen. Bij Abernathy moest Malcolm III zijn hoofd buigen voor Willem de Veroveraar en moest zijn zoon Duncan als gijzelaar naar het Engelse hof sturen. Malcolm ontving in ruil goederen in Engeland. Dit weerhield hem er niet van nog meerdere malen Engelse opstandelingen te steunen en Engelse bezittingen te plunderen. In 1080 kwam de bisschop van Durham hierbij om het leven. Steeds moest Malcolm weer het oppergezag van de Normandiërs erkennen. Na mislukte besprekingen over de status van zijn Engelse bezittingen ondernam hij zijn vijfde inval in Engeland. Op 13 november 1093 werd Malcolm III bij Alnwick Castle in een hinderlaag gelokt door Robert de Mowbray, graaf van Northumbria, waarbij hij de dood vond. Zijn vrouw stierf drie dagen later in Edinburgh Castle.

Malcolm werd begraven in Tynemouth Priory. In 1250 werd hij na de canonisatie van zijn vrouw Margaretha met haar herbegraven in Dunfermline Abbey. In 1597 werden ze samen herbegraven in het Escorial.

Malcolm en Ingebjorg kregen de volgende kinderen: